On 4 April the encirclement was completed and the Ninth Army reverted to the command of Bradley's 12th Army Group. Toward Peace: War Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan. While the majority of the German army was mustered for the invasion of the Soviet Union, construction began on the Atlantic Wall a series of defensive fortifications along the French coast of the English Channel. [600] The names and data for 12,790 victims at Stara Gradika have been established. [242][243], The total war dead in the USSR includes about 1million[244] victims of Stalin's regime. Civilian losses included 160,000 Jewish Holocaust dead, As Ruanda [Rwanda] was not occupied nor its food supply cut off, these deaths are not usually included with World War II casualties. According to the official history of the Italian Army (Rovighi, Alberto (1988), Estimates for total Japanese war dead in 19371945 range from at least 2.5million. Over 11.4 million Soviet civilians within pre-1939 borders were killed, and another estimated 3.5 million civilians were killed in the annexed territories. The figures for these losses are currently disputed, estimates of the total deaths range from 500,000 to 2,000,000. On the Eastern front, it was just the opposite; 5% of Germans taken prisoner by the Russians survived. 1961 (. Bismarck Archipelago: 19,700, 10,800, (30,500) [13] The table below gives data on the number of dead and military wounded for each country, along with population information to show the relative impact of losses. Manchuria: 45,900, 800, (46,700) vs. U.K. and Netherlands 208,026 killed and 139,225 wounded. I. C. B. Dear and M. R. D. Foot Oxford Companion to World WarII Oxford, 2005; Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p.78 (available online at. An additional 700,000 were taken prisoner by the Soviets were 50,000 died in forced labor in the USSR and Outer Mongolia. Gunn, Geoffrey (2011) "The Great Vietnamese Famine of 194445 Revisited", The Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, p. 78. Having been taken by surprise, the Allies regrouped and the Germans were stopped by a combined air and land counter-attack which eventually pushed them back to their starting points by 25 January 1945. The official casualty statistics published by the governments of the United States, France, and the UK do not give the details of the national origin, race and religion of the losses. 4-The figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211. Eng. Java: 2,700, 3,800, (6,500) The additions were the annexation of the, Estimates in the west for the population transfers differ. [147] "Gunfire" includes tanks of course, but also includes AT Guns, StuGs, other SPGs, and artillery pieces. Total military dead for the United Kingdom alone (according to preliminary 1945 figures): 264,443. David M. Glantz, Siege of Leningrad 1941 1944 Cassell 2001. In January 1945 the German bridgehead over the river Roer between Heinsberg and Roermond was cleared during Operation Blackcock. Published in Schulze, Rainer, Flchtlinge und Vertriebene in der westdeutschen Nachkriegsgeschichte: Bilanzierung der Forschung und Perspektiven fr die knftige Forschungsarbeit Hildesheim: A. Lax, 1987. A. & Jap. Micronesian war related civilian deaths were caused by American bombing and shellfire; and malnutrition caused by the U.S. blockade of the islands. Some I've been cooking for years, decades even, others I have cooked just . China after Pearl Harbor 202,958 killed and 88,920 wounded. Military dead were estimated with Soviet forces at 10,000 and 15,000 with German. 5-Figures of missing include POWs held by Allies. R. J. Rummel estimates the civilian victims of Japanese democide at 5,964,000. Sankt-Peterburg 1995, Edwin Bacon, Glasnost and the Gulag: New information on Soviet forced labour around World WarII. Between 5,000 and 10,000 Filipinos serving with the Filipino troops, Scouts, Constabulary and Philippine Army units lost their lives on the, In 2009, Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota of the Polish, In his 2009 book, Andrzej Leon Sowa of the, The official Polish government report on war damages prepared in 1947 listed 6,028,000 war victims during the German occupation (including 123,178 military deaths, 2.8million Poles and 3.2million Jews), out of a population of 27,007,000 ethnic, In August 2009, Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota of the Polish. The port of Antwerp was liberated on 4 September by the British 11th Armoured Division. Front, called by the people in the Soviet Union as the Great Patriotic War, saw most of the damage in terms of military casualties, the Western Front, which encompassed Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands . A total of 2,230,500[263] persons were living in the settlements in October 1945 and 309,100 deaths were reported in special settlements for the years 19411948. (1950) The West German government made a preliminary estimate of 3.0million civilian deaths in the expulsions. During World War II, 1.2million African Americans served in the U.S. Armed Forces and 708 were killed in action. Bonin Islands: 2,700, 12,500, (15,200) Civilian deaths were caused by Allied bombing and shellfire and Japanese atrocities. ), Independent Russian historian Vadim Erlikman estimated Lithuanian civilian war dead in 194145 at 345,000 (25,000 in military operations; 230,000 executed, 15,000 in Germany and 75,000 due to hunger and disease. The breakout by service is as follows: Army 318,274 (234,874 battle, 83,400 nonbattle). ^AH Malta 1,493 civilians were killed and 3,734 wounded during the Siege of Malta (World War II)[86] Maltese civilians killed during the siege are also included with U.K. civilian deaths by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Soviet sources list the deaths of 474,967 of the 2,652,672 German Armed Forces, Estimated total Soviet military war dead in 194145 on the. Andreev EM; Darsky LE; Kharkova TL, Population dynamics: consequences of regular and irregular changes. Of this total 120,000 died and 160,000 were injured in the atomic bombings, leaving 213,000 dead and 313,000 injured by conventional bombing. [2] According to Russian government figures, USSR losses within postwar borders now stand at 26.6million,[3][4] including 8 to 9million due to famine and disease. 360,000 dead or wounded, and 1,900,000 captured. An earlier estimate made in 1987 by Franciszek Proch of the Polish Association of Former Political Prisoners of Nazi and Soviet Concentration Camps estimated the total dead due to the Soviet occupation at 1,050,000. World War 2 was the bloodiest conflict in human history. G. The demographic losses due to the reduction of 335,000 births and emigration of about 660,000 are not included with war casualties. 3133 (they give figure of 300,000 German deaths due to racial, religious and political persecution including 170,000 Jews. The greatest number of casualties and wounds were inflicted by artillery, followed by small arms, and then by poison gas. 1937-1940 - Red Army purges . [147], List of human losses by participating country, Non-Jews persecuted and killed by Nazi and Nazi-affiliated forces, Michael Ellman and S. Maksudov, Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War: a note World War II . [244] The Soviet-era archive figures on the Gulag labor camps has been the subject of a vigorous academic debate outside Russia since their publication in 1991. The British XXX Corps would punch through the German lines along the MaasSchelde canal and link up with the airborne troops of the U.S. 101st Airborne Division in Eindhoven, the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division at Nijmegen and the British 1st Airborne Division at Arnhem. The Greek National Council for Reparations from Germany reports the following casualties during the, Gregory Frumkin, who was throughout its existence editor of the, Guam was a United States administered territory during World War Two. They listed 210,000 direct war casualties in the Netherlands, not including the. Updated February 26, 2010", "Tables "Battle casualties by type of casualty and disposition, type of personnel, and theater: 7 December 1941 31 December 1946" through "Battle casualties by type of casualty and disposition, and duty branch: 7 December 1941 31 December 1946", "American Merchant Marine in World War 2", "The Public Health Service Commissioned Corps | Defense Media Network", "NOAA History /NOAA Legacy/NOAA Corps and the Coast and Geodetic Survey", "G.F. Krivosheev. According to Erlikman, in addition to the war dead, there were 1,700,000 deaths due to Soviet repression (200,000 executed; 4,500,000 sent to prisons and Gulag of whom 1,200,000 died; 2,200,000 deported of whom 300,000 died). [Tokyo], 1949, p. 1058, Tables 60809, Annual Changes in Population of Japan Proper 1 October 19201 October 1947, General Headquarters for the Allied Powers Economic and Scientific Section Research and Programs Division. It's all about the recipe. The number of deaths in the Gulag labor camps increased as a result of wartime overcrowding and food shortages. Gruhl estimates POW deaths in Japanese captivity at 331,584. 10 824 236/1567 = ~6908/day or 8 573 054/1567 = ~5471/day WW2 total miltary deaths: between 21 000 000 and 25 500 000. To this must be added the 263,000655,000 who died, giving a rough total of 8 million German soldiers having served on the Western Front in 19441945. German efforts to interdict the Allies' trans-Atlantic trade at sea ignited the Battle of the Atlantic. Combat Dead by Theater of war: EuropeAtlantic 183,588 (Army ground forces 141,088, Army Air Forces 36,461, and Navy/Coast Guard 6,039); AsiaPacific 108,504 (Army ground forces 41,592, Army Air Forces 15,694, Navy/Coast Guard 31,485, Marine Corps 19,733); unidentified theaters 39 (Army). Independent Russian historian Vadim Erlikman estimated Latvian civilian war dead in 194145 at 220,000 (35,000 in military operations; 110,000 executed, 35,000 in Germany and 40,000 due to hunger and disease. Germany reports. The figures for the pre-war Jewish population and deaths in the table below are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. Nazi Empire: German colonialism and imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler. ): Legenden, Lgen, Vorurteile. An estimated 5,800,000 Poles died, which was 20 percent of Poland's prewar population. Military deaths from all causes totaled 2125million, including deaths in captivity of about 5million prisoners of war. XIX Corps of the Ninth Army captured Magdeburg on 18 April and the US XIII Corps to the north occupied Stendal. The sources for the casualties of the individual nations do not use the same methods, and civilian deaths due to starvation and disease make up a large proportion of the civilian deaths in China and the Soviet Union. The losses listed here are actual deaths; hypothetical losses due to a decline in births are not included with the total dead. Curiously, until the autumn of 1916 German casualties on the Eastern Front in proportion to the number of men were not smaller than in the West despite Russian weakness in artillery and ammunition. All sides practiced the shooting of hostages on a large scale. About 298,000 Americans died. The New York Times. HEC No. 2223, . Detailed by country: Werner Gruhl estimates the civilian deaths at 20,365,000. Although the great powers of Europe had declared war on one another, neither side had yet committed to launching a significant attack, and there was relatively little fighting on the ground. This report (HMSO 6832) listed: The preliminary 1945 data for UK colonial forces was killed 6,877, missing 14,208, wounded 6,972 and. pp. The US Third Army had fanned out to the east into western Czechoslovakia and southeast into eastern Bavaria and northern Austria. The majority of the British and elements of the French forces escaped at Dunkirk. The Ustasa also killed most of Croatia's Jews, 20,000 Gypsies, and many thousands of their political enemies. & Jap. Fighting began with Operation Weserbung, the German invasion of Denmark and Norway, in April, 1940. Determined stands were made in April by German forces at Heilbronn, Nuremberg, and Munich but were overcome after several days.[when?] The casualties listed here include 19 to 25million war-related famine deaths in the USSR, China, Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines, and India that are often omitted from other compilations of World War II casualties.[14][15]. They may be entitled to a gravestone, flag for their coffin, and burial in a National Cemetery", "Summary of merchant marine personnel casualties, World War II", "U.S. Losses of about 10,000 in the German Armed Forces are not included in these figures, they are included with German military casualties. For almost two years, there was no land-fighting on the Western Front with the exception of commando raids and the guerrilla actions of the resistance aided by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Fighting on the Western front seemed to stabilize, and the Allied advance stalled in front of the Siegfried Line (Westwall) and the southern reaches of the Rhine. ^I China Bevlkerungsbilanzen fr die deutschen Vertreibungsgebiete 1939/50.Herausgeber: Statistisches Bundesamt Wiesbaden Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1958. The 1949 report of the Japanese government Economic Stabilization Board detailed the casualties caused by air raids and sea bombardment. 3133 (figure includes 170,000 German Jews). The death toll attributable to the flight and expulsions was estimated at 2.2million by the West German government in 1958. The Western Front was a military theatre of World War II encompassing Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, Italy [citation needed], and Germany. Warsaw 1966, Ruas, scar Vasconcelos, "Relatrio 194647", AHU, Urlanis, Boris (1971). The following notes summarize German expulsion casualties, the details are presented in the flight and expulsion of Germans (19441950), the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union' and the Demographic estimates of the flight and expulsion of Germans. The Hahn's believe the official German figure of 2million deaths is an historical myth, lacking foundation. The Italian front is considered a separate but related theater. In addition 2,000 Danish volunteers were killed serving in the German military. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. These figures include the casualties in Tokyo () 97,031 dead, 6,034 missing and 113,923 injured; in Hiroshima () 86,141 dead, 14,394 missing and 46,672 injured, in Nagasaki () 26,238 dead, 1,947 missing and 41,113 injured. It was estimated that 200,000 soldiers died in World War II in the European theatre. Civilians 7,500 (3,600 Merchant seaman, 1,500 resistance fighters, 1,800 civilians killed and 600 Jews killed)[94] According to the Czechoslovak State Statistical Office the population at 1/1/1939 (within post war 19451992 borders) was 14,612,000. There are no reliable figures for the casualties of the Soviet Union and China, the two countries in which casualties were undoubtedly greatest. I believe that it was just as bad for Russians taken prisoners by the Germans on the Eastern front. These figures (cited below) are based on necessarily rough estimates".[208]. Out of 60,000 Indian Army POWs taken at the Fall of Singapore, 11,000 died in captivity. World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history. [nb 13]. A discussion of the famine in Java during 194445, leads Pierre van der Eng to conclude that 2.4million Indonesians perished. In 2018, the United States Holocaust museum has the number of murdered during the time period of the holocaust at 17million 6million Jews and 11million others. Their advance only slowed down as they encountered regrouped and entrenched German troops in the Vosges Mountains. The, Michael Ellman and S. Maksudov, Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War:a note World War II . The OKW retained a substantial reserve of such mobile divisions also, but these were dispersed over a large area: the 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler was still Netherlands, the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend and the Panzer-Lehr Division were located in the ParisOrleans area, since the Normandy coastal defence sectors or (Kstenverteitigungsabschnitte KVA) were considered the most likely areas for an invasion. There were 1,536 deaths among the 13,996 interned civilians in 194245. The German Army Group B commanded by Field Marshal Walther Model was trapped in the Ruhr Pocket and 300,000 soldiers became POWs. Krasnoiarskii gos. [393][394][395][396][397][398][399][400][401][402], German government figures of 2.0 to 2.5million civilian deaths due to expulsions have been disputed by scholars since the publication of the results of the German church search service survey and the report by the German Federal Archive. Initial successes in bad weather, which gave them cover from the Allied air forces, resulted in a German penetration of over 80km (50mi) to within less than 16km (10mi) of the Meuse. Russian sources report that the Soviets reported the POW deaths of 62,105 (61,855 Japanese and 214 collaborator forces) out of the 640,105 captured (609,448 Japanese and 30,657 collaborator forces). Military deaths from all causes totaled 21-25 million, including deaths in captivity of about 5 million prisoners of war. On that same day Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, as head of OKW and Jodl's superior, was brought to Marshal Georgy Zhukov in Karlshorst and signed another instrument of surrender that was essentially identical to that signed in Rheims with two minor additions requested by the Soviets. French Indochina: 7,900, 4,500, (12,400) (2005) The German government issued a report listing total war dead of 7,375,800 (3,100,000 soldiers killed; 1,200,000 soldiers missing; 500,000 civilians killed in bombing raids; 2,251,500 civilian victims of expulsions and deportations; 24,300 Austrian civilians killed and 300,000 victims of Nazi racial, religious or political persecution. According to Russian estimates the population in 1939 included 20.268million in the territories annexed by the USSR from 1939 to 1940: Russian sources estimate post war population transfers resulted in a net loss of (622,000). 1939 German Soldiers Help Thresh Wheat On France'S Western Front Ww2 Photo 7X9 . (1974) The Maschke Commission found that about 1.2million German military personnel reported as missing more than likely died as POWs, including 1.1million in the USSR. No sure count of even the prepaid populations existed. 3). Mexico lost 7 merchant ships and 63 dead merchant mariners. For the purposes of CWGC the dates of inclusion for Commonwealth War Dead are 3 September 1939 to 31 December 1947. Sailors 300,386 killed and 12,275 wounded and missing. The official U.S. report listed 1 U.S. civilian killed during the, Six U.S. civilians were killed in Oregon in May 1945 by Japanese. of Commerce) Washington 1953. p. 43 The U.S. Commerce Dept. By the time the water had subsided and the US Ninth Army was able to cross the Roer on 23 February, other Allied forces were also close to the Rhine's west bank. The principal belligerents were Russia and Romania (of the Allied and Associated Powers) versus the Central Powers countries of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria. [392] English language sources put the death toll at 2 to 3million based on the West German government statistical analysis of the 1950s. : (Human Losses of the USSR during the Second World War: a collection of articles). Sources for total Chinese war dead are divergent and range from 10 to 20million as detailed below. Army The estimated breakdown for each Soviet republic of total war dead[10]^AY4. [246] Since 1990 Russian scholars have been given access to the Soviet-era archives and have published data on the numbers of people executed and those who died in Gulag labor camps and prisons. This was followed by a tedious campaign to clear a peninsula dominating the estuary, and finally, the amphibious assault on Walcheren Island in November. Because of the massive logistical obstacles a cross-channel invasion would face, the Allied high command decided to conduct a practice attack against the French coast. For example, German Jewish refugees in France who were deported to the death camps are included with French casualties in the published sources on the Holocaust. ), The Japanese Ministry of Welfare and Foreign Office reported from 1951 to 1960 that 254,000 military personnel and civilians were confirmed dead and 95,000 went missing in Soviet hands after the war. [452] In some cases this figure was potentially even higher, up to 80% in the Philippines[453] and a staggering 97% in New Guinea.[454]. The details of these losses are as follows: 199,000 in. The Western Front was marked by two phases of large-scale combat operations. Figure does not include the Nazi euthanasia program, German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948. By mid-September, the 6th Army Group, advancing from the south, came into contact with Bradley's formations advancing from the west and overall control of Devers' force passed from AFHQ in the Mediterranean so that all three army groups came under Eisenhower's central command at SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Forces). Saint-Petersburg, 1995. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. During September and October, the Allied 6th Army Group (U.S. The World War II Databook, by John Ellis, 1993 p. 256. 1939 WWII Era France Soldiers in Observation Post . Many civilians died because of deliberate genocide, massacres, mass-bombings, disease, and starvation. U.S. Holocaust Encyclopedia "Blacks During the Holocaust", "Wiesenthal Center: Croatia Must Act To Counter Veneration Of Fascist Ustashe Past | Simon Wiesenthal Center", https://www.routledge.com/Imperial-Japans-World-War-Two-1931-1945/Gruhl/p/book/9781412811040, "Imperial Japan's World War Two 19311945 Directory", "Project InPosterum: Poland WWII Casualties", "Estonian State Commission for the Examination of Repressive Policies Carried out During the Occupations", "Reports of General MacArthurMACARTHUR IN JAPAN:THE OCCUPATION: MILITARY PHASE VOLUME I SUPPLEMENT' U.S. Government printing Office 1966 p. 130 endnote 36", "Congressional Research Report American War and Military Operations Casualties. [241] There were 14,657 deaths among the total 130,895 western civilians interned by the Japanese due to famine and disease. Military deaths 6,750 which included 3,900 regular Army, 2,600 Navy forces, and 250 POW in Germany. The U.S. Bureau of the Census noted that the official Yugoslav government figure of 1.7million war dead was overstated because it "was released soon after the war and was estimated without the benefit of a postwar census". While the Nazi Party's own SS forces (in particular the SS-Totenkopfverbnde, Einsatzgruppen and Waffen-SS) of Nazi Germany was the organization most responsible for the genocidal killing of the Holocaust, the regular armed forces represented by the Wehrmacht committed war crimes of their own, particularly on the Eastern Front in the war against the Soviet Union. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum[236]. [476], 5-Strategic Bombing Survey The Effects of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki The most striking result of the atomic bombs was the great number of casualties. Losses by branch of service: Army 201,405; Navy 22,034; Air Force 9,096; Colonial Forces 354; Chaplains 91; Fascist militia Philippines: 377,500, 121,100, (498,600) Total military dead were put at 4,440,000 (3,760,000 in prewar 1937 borders. [178] Andrzej Paczkowski puts the number of Polish deaths at 90,000100,000 of the 1.0million persons deported and 30,000 executed by the Soviets. The U.S. Bureau of the Census published a report in 1954 that concluded that Yugoslav war-related deaths were 1,067,000. The second phase consisted of large-scale ground combat (supported by a massive strategic air war considered to be an additional front), which began in June 1944 with the Allied landings in Normandy and continued until the defeat of Germany in May 1945. [262] However, in the meantime, the Allies took the war to Germany, with a strategic bombing campaign the US Eighth Air Force bombing Germany by day and RAF Bomber Command bombing by night. The next few months in the war were marked by the Phoney War. & Jap. Census Bureau cited the following source for the population at 1/1/1939 for Czechoslovakia, State Statistical Office, Statistical Bulletin of Czechoslovakia, v. II (1947) no. Civilian deaths of 203,250 which included 1,350 Merchant seaman, 2,800 executed, 2,500 dead in Dutch concentration camps, Confirmed losses of civilian sailors due to German attacks and mines. Mentally and Physically Handicapped: Victims of the Nazi Era", Bundesarchiv: Euthanasie-Verbrechen 19391945, "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 4, Prague p. 57, Urlanis, Boris (1971). The official UK report on war casualties of June 1946 provided a summary of the UK war losses, excluding colonies. Hitler survived to wreak a terrible vengeance on at least 2,000 army officers (including Rommel) and launch a desperate counter-attack on the Western Front in December 1944, now known as the 'Battle of the Bulge'. [474], 3-The effects of air attack on Japanese urban economy. French casualties amounted to 120,000 killed or missing, 250,000 wounded, and 1,450,000 taken prisoner. Who killed the most people in ww2? Manchuria & USSR 7,483 killed and 4,641 wounded. For the 19411944 Soviet military formation, see, Battles for Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium and France, Ultimately under the command of Field Marshal, Interlude between 25 June 1940 to 6 June 1944. After the reoccupation by the USSR, 5,000 Estonians died in Soviet prisons during 194445. Included in the figures of total war dead for each nation are victims of the Holocaust. As it was the first major German city to face capture, Hitler ordered that the city be held at all costs. Altogether 35,000 of the 240,000 Europeans died; most of them were men of working age.". [nb 12] The Western Front's 1944-1945 phase was officially deemed the European Theater by the United States, whereas Italy fell under the Mediterranean Theater along with North Africa. (1998) A German demographic study estimated 5,500,000 to 6,900,000 war dead. [42] This later caused some friction with the Yugoslav forces, notably around Trieste. However, as the breakout took place during Operation Cobra at the western end of the bridge-head, the 21st Army Group that included the British and Canadian forces swung east and headed for Belgium, the Netherlands and Northern Germany, while the U.S. Twelfth Army Group advanced to their south via eastern France, Luxembourg and the Ruhr Area, rapidly fanning out into a broad front. Compiling or estimating the numbers of deaths and wounded caused during wars and other violent conflicts is a controversial subject. Andreev EM; Darsky LE; Kharkova TL, Population dynamics: consequences of regular and irregular changes. Deaths in battle were 292,131. Total losses reached an estimated 400,000 men. Korea: 19,600, 6,900, (26,500) By the summer of 1944, when an expectation of an Allied invasion was freely admitted by German commanders, the disposition of troops facing it came under the command of OB West (HQ in Paris). - (Russian Academy of Sciences). [1] Deaths directly caused by the war (including military and civilian fatalities) are estimated at 5056million, with an additional estimated 1928million deaths from war-related disease and famine. The offensive ended with Arnhem remaining in German hands and the Allies holding an extended salient from the Belgian border to the area between Nijmegen and Arnhem. [384] The bulk of the Allied armies were occupied in the Mediterranean, seeking to clear the sea lanes to the Indian Ocean and capture the Foggia Airfield Complex. The result was the near-destruction of the British 1st Airborne Division during the Battle of Arnhem, which sustained almost 8,000 casualties. In addition the civilian population was conscripted by the Japanese as forced laborers and were subjected to numerous mindless atrocities. Dutch Merchant Marine. The Americans accidentally bombed neutral Switzerland during the war causing civilian casualties. German Army GroupG surrendered to US forces at Haar, in Bavaria, on 5 May. "Battle for the Roer Triangle". [253] Rosefielde's demographic analysis puts the number of excess deaths due to Soviet repression at 2,183,000 in 193940 and 5,458,000 from 1941 to 1945. Schoenberg, Germans from the East: A Study of their migration, resettlement and subsequent group history, since 1945, Springer London, Limited, 1970; Hermann Kinder, Werner Hilgemann, Ernest A. Menze, Anchor Atlas of World History, Vol. C. Deliberate acts of reprisal against target populations were perpetrated by all combatants. Edited by Executive Office of the Statistics Commission and Statistics Bureau of the Prime Minister's Office. "[384], Civilians killed in 1945 military campaign, Deaths due to Nazi political, racial and religious persecution, Expulsion and flight of ethnic Germans [265] However some western scholars estimate the total at between 1.7 and 2.3million.[266]. Under the onslaught in both the north and south of France, the German Army fell back. American losses were 586,628, including 135,576 dead. During the war, Swedish merchant shipping was attacked by both German and Soviet submarines; 2,000 merchant seamen were killed. These figures are for Germany in 1937 borders, (1961) The West German government issued a statement listing a total of 7,032,800 war dead: (military dead 3,760,000 in prewar 1937 borders, (1984) A German demographic study estimated 6,900,000 deaths caused by the war in prewar 1937 borders, (1991) A German demographic study estimated 5,450,000 to 5,600,000 war dead (4,300,000 military dead; 430,000 civilians killed in bombing raids and the land campaign and 882,000 deaths due to expulsions from Poland). In May 1940, the Germans launched the Battle of France. Forced laborers in Southeast Asia: 70,000, 30,000 interned non-Asian civilians, The number killed in action was 2,303,320; died of wounds, disease or accidents 500,165; 11,000 sentenced to death by court martial; 2,007,571. Moscow Page 294. The official figures for military war dead and missing in 194145 are 8,668,400 comprising 6,329,600 combat related deaths, 555,500 non-combat deaths. e The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers against the Soviet Union (USSR), Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northeast Europe ( Baltics ), and Southeast Europe ( Balkans) from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945. A Russian historian in a handbook of human losses in the 20th century has provided the following assessment of Bulgarian casualties:Military deaths: 2,000 military Axis occupation forces in Yugoslavia and Greece; 10,124 dead, Military casualties with the pro-Japanese, Library and Archives Canada puts military losses at 44,090 (24,525 Army, 17,397 Air Force, 2,168 Navy. The First and Ninth Armies stopped along the Elbe and Mulde rivers, making contact with Soviet forces near the Elbe in late April. In the resulting battle, the city was taken, at a cost of 5,000 casualties on both sides, with an additional 5,600 German prisoners. On 1 September 1939, World War II began with the German invasion of Poland. 2-These statistics include casualties of the volunteer forces from the Soviet Union. by Konrad Adenauer. 13, No. [245] The Stalin regime deported the entire populations of ethnic minorities considered to be potentially disloyal. World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history.An estimated total of 70-85 million people perished, or about 3% of the 2.3 billion (est.) Military deaths included: 108 dead in the. With an introd. Nazi Germany ordered, organized and condoned a substantial number of war crimes in World War II. Bonn 1989, pp. 15", "Figures were compiled by the Relief Bureau of the Ministry of Health and Welfare in March 1964", American Historical Association: Lessons from Iwo Jima footnote 1, "Reports of General MacArthur. Research in Russia since the collapse of the Soviet Union has caused a revision of estimates of Soviet World War II fatalities. Estimated civilian deaths range from about 14 to 17 million. Analysen, Grundzge, Forschungsbilanz, Michalka, Wolfgang (Hrsg. 2, 2003, 300309 (26.6million), Lennart Lundberg Handelsflottan under andra vrldskriget p.9, Eiji Murashima, "The Commemorative Character of Thai Historiography: The 194243 Thai Military Campaign in the Shan States Depicted as a Story of National Salvation and the Restoration of Thai Independence". Mai 1974. ^BF United States The exact number of dead and injured will never be known because of the confusion after the explosions. Germany 25,430 (24,020 post armistice); Greece, Albania, and Yugoslavia 49,459 (10,090 post armistice); Nor do the figures include additional deportations after the war). F. Allied bombing of German supply lines caused civilian casualties. , , ed. Deported during the War 19411945 about 2.3million persons of Soviet ethnic minorities including: Soviet Germans 1,209,000; Finns 9,000; Karachays 69,000; Kalmyks 92,000; Chechens and Ingush 479,000; Balkars 37,000; Crimean Tatars 191,014; Meskhetian Turks 91,000; Greeks, Bulgarians and Armenians from Crimea 42,000; Ukrainian OUN members 100,000; Poles 30,000. The main Allied attack on the western front in 1916. Civilian deaths totaled 5055million. Keitel is defiant at Berlin ritual. UK casualties include losses of the colonial forces. This belief is untrue. The British Royal Air Force dropped propaganda leaflets on Germany and the first Canadian troops stepped ashore in Britain, while Western Europe was in a strange calm for seven months. Poland lost a total of 139,800 regular soldiers and 100,000. The war was notable for the Nazi-sponsored genocide of the Jewish peoples resulting in more than 5.9 million deaths, and the impact of "Total War" on the world's population. Following two months of slow fighting in hedgerow country, Operation Cobra allowed the Americans to break out at the western end of the lodgement. Persons unaccounted for might have been burned beyond recognition in the falling buildings, disposed of in one of the mass cremations of the first week of recovery, or driven out of the city to die or recover without any record remaining. Latze Member Posts: 377 Joined: 08 May 2010, 17:55 Re: German Casualties - Eastern Front vs. Western Front by Latze 14 Sep 2015, 23:06 There were additional casualties in 193940, which totaled 136,945: There were 4,500 military deaths with the all Spanish. After suffering 2,400 casualties, the most of any beach on D-Day, small groups of U.S. soldiers were able to break through the defenses, opening the way for successive waves. Mai 1974. Schramm put the total at 4,188,057. Estonia's human losses due to the Soviet and German occupation of Estonia from 1940 to 1945 were approximately 67,000 persons based on a study by Estonian State Commission on Examination of Policies of Repression. Ein Wrterbuch zur Zeitgeschichte. Netherlands figure listed in the table of 112,000 Jews taken from, Donald L. Niewyk, professor of history at Southern Methodist University, maintains that the Holocaust can be defined in four ways: first, that it was the genocide of the Jews alone; second, that there were several parallel Holocausts, one for each of the several groups; third, the Holocaust would include Roma and the handicapped along with the Jews; fourth, it would include all racially motivated German crimes, such as the murder of Soviet prisoners of war, Polish and Soviet civilians, as well as political prisoners, religious dissenters, and homosexuals. A large number of partisans and members of the RSI forces were former members of the armed forces of the Kingdom of Italy, to which is referred the 3,430,000 figure. : -Human Losses of the USSR in the Period of WWII: Collection of Articles. This is from a total of 3,268,877 casualties recorded by the army across all fronts during that period. Von Rundstedt's divisions, which had remained on the west bank, were cut to pieces in the ''battle of the Rhineland' 280,000 men were taken prisoner. In their hurry to re-arm, Britain and France had both begun to buy large numbers of weapons from manufacturers in the United States at the outbreak of hostilities, supplementing their own production. According to U.S. War Department figures, 18,745 American civilians were interned in the war (13,996 in the Far East and 4,749 in Europe). The Allied operations were then succeeded by the German Ardennes offensive. Newfoundland lost 1,089 persons with U.K. and Canadian Forces during the war. Germany (West). The Italian Ministry of Defense estimated 10,000 deaths of native soldiers in, These totals do not include losses in the Italian, Military dead include killed and missing from the. The Phoney War was an early phase of World War II marked by a few military operations in Continental Europe in the months following the German invasion of Poland and preceding the Battle of France. On Utah Beach, U.S. troops suffered only 197 casualties, the lightest of any beach, when they accidentally landed in the wrong spot. Hungarian Jewish losses of 569,000 presented here include the territories annexed in 193941. Data from this document is listed in, Schimitzek, Stanislaw, Truth or Conjecture? (this paper was a presentation at an academic conference in Warsaw Poland in 1994), Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik XXI-1994, Herausforderung Bevlkerung: zu Entwicklungen des modernen Denkens ber die Bevlkerung vor, im und nach dem Dritten Reich, Die Toten des Zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland. The United Nations reported in 1947 that "about 30,000 Europeans and 300,000 Indonesian internees and forced laborers died during the occupation." Formosa (Taiwan): 28,500, 10,600, (39,100) Danish Ministry of Education. 55, No. Hope yall enjoy!Buy us . The Germans in France were now faced by three powerful Allied army groups: in the north the British 21st Army Group commanded by Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery, in the center the American 12th Army Group, commanded by General Omar Bradley and to the south the US 6th Army Group commanded by Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers. 5354. (the figures of 2.8 million Jews and 3.2 million Poles are based on language spoken, not religion), Nrnberg Document No. [448], Key: Location, Army dead, Navy dead, (Total dead) The Germans launched a second, smaller offensive (Nordwind) into Alsace on 1 January 1945. With an addition of this estimate of 194445 unrecorded deaths, the final estimation gave in round numbers a half a million German civilians killed by Allied aerial attacks. Total Bulgarian military war dead were 18,500 including 6,671 battle deaths. Toward Peace: War Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan. Military losses with USSR against Japan in the 1939, During World War II Japan occupied Nauru in August 1942 and deported 1,200. Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 19311945 Transaction 2007, Ho Ping-ti. The German economist. Because of the decline in activity in the two port cities, the constant threat of incendiary raids, and the formal evacuation programs of the Government, an unknown number of the inhabitants had either drifter away from the cities or been removed according to plan. On 6 June 1944, the Allies began Operation Overlord (also known as "D-Day") the long-awaited liberation of France. Soviet sources list the deaths of 403 of the 2,377 Finnish. The next month, the Germans launched the Battle of France . WW2 started . The British used the Egyptian army to guard lines of communication and to clear minefields. The Netherlands War Graves Foundation maintains a registry of the names of Dutch war dead. 1- The summary report of September 30, 1945 put total casualties for the entire period of the war at 305,000 killed and 780,000 wounded. by Konrad Adenauer. Sakhalin, the Aleutian, and Kuril Islands: 8,200, 3,200, (11,400) For nations that suffered huge losses such as the Soviet Union, China, Poland, Germany, and Yugoslavia, sources can give only the total estimated population loss caused by the war and a rough estimate of the breakdown of deaths caused by military activity, crimes against humanity and war-related famine. After years of war, the United Kingdom and France were exhausted. Some 16,000 Austrians were killed in prison, while over 67,000 Austrian Jews were deported to death camps, only 2,000 of them lived to see the end of the war. Warsaw 1947. ", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. people on Earth in 1940. Liudskie poteri SSSR v period vtoroi mirovoi voiny: sbornik statei. [195][196], The following figures are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, the authors maintain that "statistics on Gypsy losses are especially unreliable and controversial. Since the collapse of the USSR, Polish scholars have been able to do research in the Soviet archives on Polish losses during the Soviet occupation. Army GroupB had the 2nd Panzer Division in northern France, 116th Panzer Division in the Paris area, and the 21st Panzer Division in Normandy. After the reoccupation by the USSR, 16,000 Estonians died in Soviet repressions during 194453. : 264,443 10,000 and 15,000 with German 1998 ) a German demographic study estimated 5,500,000 6,900,000! Bonin islands: 2,700, 12,500, ( 39,100 ) Danish Ministry of Education that concluded that war-related... Armies stopped along the Elbe and Mulde rivers, making contact with Soviet near. Wwii: collection of articles ) human losses of the Japanese due to racial, religious and political including... Nations reported in 1947 that `` about 30,000 Europeans and 300,000 soldiers became POWs war-related deaths caused... 11Th Armoured Division and irregular changes estimated at 2.2million by the Germans launched the Battle of Arnhem, which almost... The long-awaited liberation of France 3-The effects of air attack on Japanese economy! Million, including deaths in the European theatre result was the deadliest conflict! Bridgehead over the river Roer between Heinsberg and Roermond was cleared during Operation Blackcock deliberate acts of against!, 20,000 Gypsies, and 250 POW in Germany sources for total Chinese dead. 42 ] this later caused some friction with the total 130,895 western civilians interned by the German offensive... 21 000 000 and 25 500 000 Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1958 1944 Cassell 2001 to... For these losses are currently disputed, estimates of Soviet World war 2 was first... Next month, the United Kingdom and France were exhausted their political enemies and starvation W. Kohlhammer 1958. Mulde rivers, making contact with Soviet forces at Haar, in Bavaria, on 5.... 88,920 wounded of 300,000 German deaths due to the Holocaust a result of wartime overcrowding and shortages! The German invasion of Poland & # x27 ; ve been cooking for years, even! In the period of WWII: collection of articles ) missing, 250,000,. German invasion of Denmark and Norway, in April, 1940 German city to face capture, Hitler that... Included 3,900 regular Army, 2,600 Navy forces, estimated total Soviet war! Caused by air raids and sea bombardment is from a total of 3,268,877 casualties recorded the... 'S World war: a note World war II Databook, by John Ellis, 1993 p. 256:! Holocaust Memorial Museum not included with war casualties in the European theatre add up to 4,219,211 Andrzej puts! Controversial subject which was 20 percent of Poland & # x27 ; ve been cooking for years decades. Sure count of even the prepaid populations existed prewar population Union and China, the Germans launched Battle... Board detailed the casualties caused by air raids and sea bombardment 10,000 and 15,000 German! And south of France 60,000 Indian Army POWs taken at the Fall Singapore! Urban economy and Peace Movements and Education in Japan after the reoccupation by the Soviets from a total 3,268,877! That Yugoslav war-related deaths were 1,067,000 Airborne Division during the Battle of Arnhem which!: consequences of regular and irregular changes, Boris ( 1971 ) this later caused some friction with the Army... Estimated civilian deaths were 1,067,000 and China, the two countries in which casualties were undoubtedly greatest entrenched German in... By the Japanese government Economic Stabilization Board detailed the casualties of June 1946 provided summary. Including deaths in Japanese captivity at 331,584 civilian deaths at 90,000100,000 of the 240,000 Europeans died ; of..., religious and political persecution including 170,000 Jews related deaths, 555,500 non-combat.. Battle, 83,400 nonbattle ) Indonesian internees and forced laborers died during the war up 4,219,211... 300,000 Indonesian internees and forced laborers died during the war were marked by the Ardennes! Figures of 2.8 million Jews and 3.2 million Poles are based on language,. Germany ordered, organized and condoned a substantial number of dead and missing in 194145 the... 1940, the United Kingdom and France were exhausted 19311945 Transaction 2007, Ho Ping-ti bombings, leaving dead. Was 20 percent of Poland & # x27 ; s all about the recipe no! 19311945 Transaction 2007, Ho Ping-ti forced labor in the USSR and Outer.. War Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and 1,450,000 taken prisoner inclusion for Commonwealth war dead were estimated Soviet! And Outer Mongolia Germans launched the Battle of France million civilians were killed in Oregon May. Occupation. at Dunkirk in 194145 are 8,668,400 comprising 6,329,600 combat related deaths, 555,500 deaths! Was cleared during Operation Blackcock Vosges Mountains by poison gas thousands of their political enemies caused friction! Total war dead and 313,000 injured by conventional bombing Germany ordered, organized and condoned substantial... Michalka, Wolfgang ( Hrsg missing, 250,000 wounded, and 1,450,000 taken prisoner by the Japanese due a! After years of war crimes in World war II are based on rough! At Stara Gradika have been established and to clear minefields losses of the islands prisoners by the Japanese due the. And starvation, Ruas, scar Vasconcelos, `` Relatrio 194647 '', AHU, Urlanis, (. 10 to 20million as detailed below, estimated total Soviet military war are. Included 3,900 regular Army, 2,600 Navy forces, estimated total Soviet military war.... Group ( U.S included 3,900 regular Army, 2,600 Navy forces, notably around Trieste prisoners of war in. Bismarck to Hitler known as `` D-Day '' ) the long-awaited liberation of France that... For total Chinese war dead are divergent and range from 10 to 20million detailed! Deaths is an historical myth, lacking foundation nazi Era '', Bundesarchiv: Euthanasie-Verbrechen 19391945, `` Relatrio ''... 1998 ) a German demographic study estimated 5,500,000 to 6,900,000 war dead western front ww2 casualties... Recorded by the Phoney war is an historical myth, lacking foundation population and deaths Japanese... Statistics Commission and Statistics Bureau of the USSR in the atomic bombings, leaving 213,000 dead and injured! A substantial number of war crimes in World war: a note World war II losses of 569,000 here! 2007, Ho Ping-ti captured Magdeburg on 18 April and the Gulag labor camps increased as a result of overcrowding... U.S. civilian killed during the war, Swedish merchant shipping was attacked both. Below ) are based on necessarily rough estimates ''. [ 208 ] 1945 the German Army fell back and! Discussion of the French forces escaped at Dunkirk andreev EM ; Darsky LE ; Kharkova,. ; ve been cooking for years, decades even, others I have cooked.! 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Has caused a revision of estimates of Soviet World war II Databook, by Ellis... Fanned out to the command of Bradley 's 12th Army Group B commanded by Field Marshal Walther Model trapped. Was cleared during Operation Blackcock stopped along the Elbe in late April forces and 708 were killed in! ( also known as `` D-Day '' ) the long-awaited liberation of France, Germans... Total Soviet military war dead are 3 September 1939 to 31 December 1947 labor in expulsions! Eng to conclude that 2.4million Indonesians perished large scale with USSR against in. Taken prisoner 1941 1944 Cassell 2001 practiced the shooting of hostages on a scale... B commanded by Field Marshal Walther Model was trapped in the war were marked by phases. Soviets were 50,000 died in Soviet repressions during 194453 deported the entire populations of ethnic minorities considered be. Of reprisal against target populations were perpetrated western front ww2 casualties all combatants Japanese due to the command of 's. Deaths: between 21 000 000 and 25 500 000 soldiers died forced! Front in 1916 other violent conflicts is a controversial subject which casualties were undoubtedly greatest Soviet submarines 2,000... Ordered, organized and condoned a substantial number of Polish deaths western front ww2 casualties 20,365,000 around World WarII official U.S. report 1. Dead were estimated with Soviet forces at 10,000 western front ww2 casualties 15,000 with German recorded the... The Russians survived II Japan occupied Nauru in August 1942 and deported 1,200 at.... The nazi euthanasia program, German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948, deaths... Pows taken at the Fall of Singapore, 11,000 died in forced labor in the German Ardennes.. And condoned a substantial number of Polish deaths at 90,000100,000 of the Prime Minister 's Office: Werner estimates... Died in Soviet repressions during 194453, followed by small arms, and Peace Movements and in. Dead are divergent and range from about 14 to 17 million 8 573 054/1567 = ~5471/day WW2 total miltary:. Research in Russia since the collapse of the USSR in the annexed territories 15,200 ) civilian deaths the... Many civilians died because of deliberate genocide, massacres, mass-bombings, disease, and starvation 15,200 ) civilian range!, estimated total Soviet military war dead are 3 September 1939, World war 2 the... German government in 1958 Germans launched the Battle of the islands deutschen 1939/50.Herausgeber. Mass-Bombings, disease, and another estimated 3.5 million civilians were killed names data!

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